How Successful Can The Management Of Fragile Environments Be?

How successful can the management of fragile environments be, given the constant and increasing demand for their exploitation? A fragile environment is an area where the flora and fauna have adapted to a specific climate and evolved to occupy many different niches due to extremely high competition for resources. Furthermore due to the constant abiotic conditions, specialisation and symbiotic relationships have occurred to such a degree that even the slightest ecological or environmental disruption cannot be accommodated, meaning individual habitats and ecosystems can be easily destroyed.This combination of specialisation and interdependence increases the overall fragility and vulnerability of this biome Fragile environments can be exploited in different ways, and for different reasons. For example the Amazon Rainforest, an equatorial tropical rainforest biome, has been significantly exploited for its agricultural potential and natural resources; cattle ranching, soya bean and palm oi l plantations, mining and timber. The most significant consequence of these forms of exploitation is deforestation.There are many management strategies to combat deforestation, popular choices are; legislation, ecotourism, selective logging and various tree regeneration schemes. In this essay I will assess the extent to which these management schemes are successful in terms of sustainability and environmental effectiveness, in light of inevitable increasing anthropogenic pressures on tropical biomes around the world. Firstly it is important to identify how fragile environments are exploited and for what gain. If we look at the Amazon Rainforest, one of the major forms of exploitation is land for cattle ranching.Vast expanses of the rainforest are deforested to make way for grassland to rear cattle. This form of exploitation was responsible for 80% of all Amazonian deforestation in 2009, due to the ever increasing global demand for beef as a new wave of middle classes emerge from dev eloping nations with a first world diet. Large soya bean plantations run by major agricultural TNC’s like Cargill in the Amazon increase its land for plantations at rates of 1. 3 million hectares every year. Brazil is one of the world’s top producers of soya bean.The expansion of this market is driven by low transportation costs from improved infrastructure (both in and out of the Amazon) and increasing international demands for livestock feed where China is one of the main consumers, due to rapid economic growth (9% annually) and high demand from its emerging middle classes. The creation of huge mechanised soy monocultures has already been the sole cause of 21 million hectares of deforested rainforest in Brazil and 80 million hectares from the Amazon as a whole, since the early 1970’s.While these industries stated above as well as mining and logging have contributed to 240,000km2 of deforestation in the Amazon, the hunting for bush meat by native Amazonian trib es has put considerable pressure on rainforest fauna. Since the late 1990’s Brazilian Amazon local people consume between 2. 2 to 5. 4 million primates each year. This process is unsustainable as the primates reproduce at a much slower rate than they are consumed. Moreover some of these primates are endangered, meaning reproduction is inherently slower.There is often a conflict of interests between the exploitation and conservation of fragile environments. Thus in order for a fragile environment to be managed successfully a balance must be established. However, in reality this can be difficult to achieve. It is often the case that many countries depend on natural resources from fragile environments for income and trade on the global markets thus making fragile environments an integral part of their economy. This is the case with many LEDC’s, who are reluctant to stop exploiting their activities for fear it will result in economic decline and slower development.In Brazi l for example, much of the mining industry that takes place in the Amazon brought in $9 billion to the country in 2006. Moreover it can be a misunderstanding that most people, who exploit fragile environments like through mining in the Amazon, are doing so out of choice. As most locals have no other viable alternative to generate income for their families. Furthermore indigenous peoples often receive little education regarding global affairs and may not recognise the need for conservation. In addition it is rare that a single fragile environment is endemic to one country, as they often span over several territories.A good example is the Amazon rainforest which lies within Brazil, holding 60% of the forest, Peru 13%, Columbia 10% and with Venezuela, Ecuador, Bolivia, Guyana, Suriname and French Guiana also holding small amounts. This makes it difficult to establish a uniform strategy across the whole are, and made harder still by low funds available for conservation in many of these countries. One of the more popular forms of conservation management is conservation reserves that protect biodiversity and ensure its population lives  sustainably with their environment.One example of such a scheme is the Central Amazon Conservation complex in the Brazilian Amazon. Established in 2003, it brings together four reserves in the Amazon; Jau National Park, Anavilhanas Ecological Station, Mamiraua Reserve and Amana reserve, a total area of 49,000 km2. Sustainable development reserves have protected areas from developments that could have seriously damaged the CACC. Dams, pipelines, mines and commercial logging projects have all been prevented from entering the area.These reserves have improved biodiversity and caused a 100% increase in the black caiman population, and a 300% increase in the pirarucu fish. Economic Alternatives Programs promote sustainable activities whereby local people who make goods from the forest’s natural resources can sell directly to buye rs without going through ‘middle men’ who charge a commission. Thus ensuring a decent income, preventing any local farmers giving up land to major commercial agricultural firms, where the land is likely to be deforested and indigenous communities displaced.Overall the economics alternative program has reduced poverty, increasing household incomes by 50-99%. However this protecting such a large area can be difficult. The vastness of the area means it is majorly understaffed, thus making the control and regulation of illegal activities difficult. Only 100 volunteer guards and 150 employed members of staff are present in the Amana and Mariraua reserves – combined area of 2,490,000 hectares of land. The size of the protected areas and the number of staff available makes it is very difficult to prevent access into the reserves.In Jau National park, an area of 2,272,000 hectares, there’re only 4 permanent members of staff. Thus fish and turtle poaching remains a n unresolved problem. As populations increase around peripheral settlements, more stress is put on it to satisfy the demands of the populations, for example many towns in the heart of the rainforest suffer from intensive poaching of primates and manatees. Overall it may seem that despite efforts, and indeed success, of implementing such conservation schemes, may decrease in effectiveness following growing demand for the Amazons resources from increasing population pressure.Ecotourism is also a popular way of generating income for the local people as well as promoting conservation. It is a popular method of generating income in developing countries without billion dollar investments. Local people can act as guides or be providers of transport and accommodation – creating a source of income. The environmental low impact theme and conservation awareness can potentially bring in public and private investment. In addition it is a more environmentally friendly form of employment co mpared to other occupations such as logging and commercial agriculture.Plus if the country makes the economic transition from a manufacture to service sector economy, the government will have an indirect economic incentive to conserve the environment through promoting ecotourism. Ecotourism has already proved to be an economic, environmental and social success. For example, Costa Rica has been pumping in US$1. 6 million annually since 2000 from ecotourism, resulting in jobs for local people and 25% of its land under government protection. GNP per capita rose from $1500-$2000 between 1978 and 1992.The village of Tortuguero, Costa Rica, a satellite settlement to the Talamancan national park took a survey which indicated that 88% were highly satisfied with the multiplier effects from ecotourism in the park; such as local employment empowerment and government funding into building eco lodges on old farmland in the village; attracting tourists to spend in their local economy. However, th ere are cases where ecotourism has not benefitted the local community or the country as a whole.It is often the case that an ecotourism service is provided by an international agent, whereby revenue is repatriated overseas, away from the local community. Moreover even if the service is provided by host nation companies, the jobs can be seasonal, menial and in most cases, low paid. The influx of wealth and foreign exchange can shift political and economic conditions to make the country or area dependant on tourism as opposed to domestic economic practises. This induces a degree of instability to the industry, making it vulnerable to sudden economic change, such as the global financial crisis in 2008.This can create a lack of demand and subsequent economic decline in the area and ultimately forcing the local population into occupations that unsustainably exploit natural resources. In conclusion, it is can be said with a degree of confidence that most schemes are beneficial to an exten t. Land which is protected, conserved and managed sustainably outweighs the possible environmental damage that can occur due to poor management and lack of funding towards the scheme. Moreover it is the schemes which involve the local community that have the biggest potential to be successful.Managing the environment whereby its inhabitants are able to reap the full economic benefits of its natural resources allows; growth, development and investment into the local economy – Thus resulting in a self-sustaining operation. However, as world population is not yet set to peak until 2050, the pressure on the environment and demand for resources is only set to increase. It is also worth noting that in the light of possible changes to our global climate system in the coming decades there will be an even greater threat to the Earth’s fragile environments.With the effects of anthropogenic induced climate change causing more extreme weather, the constant abiotic factors that hav e shaped our fragile environments across the globe face a deadly, permanent change. If we are to preserve any type of fragile environment at all, it could be argued that a universal effort to reduce our carbon footprint would be the most successful long term scheme to ensure the survival of the Earth’s biodiversity.

Printable Worksheets, Projects and Forms for Homeschooling

Printables by Subject: Fine Arts | Language Arts | Math | Science | History | Geography |P.E., Health, Safety Nutrition | Misc. Themes | Holidays | Homeschool Forms Printable worksheets for your students. Add these free printable worksheets, activity pages and coloring pages to your homeschool day for variety and fun. Holidays Printable Worksheets: Back to School PrintablesBlack History Month - Famous FirstsChristmas Symbols PrintablesTwelve Days of Christmas Printables12 Days of Christmas Coloring BookSanta and Other Traditions PrintablesChristmas - Nativity PrintablesCinco de MayoColumbus Day PrintablesEarth DayEasterEaster - religiousFlag Day PrintablesFourth of JulyGroundhog Day PrintablesHalloween PrintablesHanukkahKwanzaaLabor Day PrintablesMardi Gras PrintablesMartin Luther King, Jr PrintablesMemorial Day PrintablesMothers Day Coupon Book and PrintablesNew Years PrintablesPassoverPresidents Day:~ George Washington~ Abraham LincolnSt Patricks DayThanksgiving PrintablesValentines DayVeterans Day PrintablesWomens History Month - Famous Firsts Fine Arts: Grandma Moses Coloring PageMusic Basics PrintablesMusical Instruments Printable Coloring Book Printable Homeschool Forms: Â  Printable Coloring Calendars 2011/12 School Year - August 2011 to July 2012Homeschool Record Keeping FormsMy Kindergarten PortfolioMy Memory BookScience Report FormsSpecial Needs Forms Geography Printable Worksheets: Geography PrintablesAlabamaAlaskaArizonaArkansasCaliforniaColoradoConnecticutDelawareFloridaGeorgiaHawaiiIdahoIllinoisIndianaIowaKansasKentuckyLouisianaMaineMarylandMassachusettsMichiganMinnesotaMississippiMissouriMontanaNebraskaNevadaNew HampshireNew JerseyNew MexicoNew YorkNorth CarolinaNorth DakotaOhioOklahomaOregonPennsylvaniaRhode IslandSouth CarolinaSouth DakotaTennesseeTexasUtahVermontVirginiaWashingtonWest VirginiaWisconsinWyomingNunavut Health, Safety Nutrition Printable Worksheets: Dental HealthEat Your Vegetables History Printable Worksheets: Abraham LincolnBenjamin FranklinBlack History Month - Famous FirstsCaptain John Smith Coloring PageCivil WarConestoga WagonFirst Ladies of the U.S. Coloring PagesGeorge WashingtonJohnny Appleseed PrintablesLascaux Cave Paintings Coloring PageMark Antony Coloring PageMartin Luther King, Jr.Medieval TimesNative Americans of North America PrintablesNative American Research and Display FormsPaul BunyanPioneer LifePresidential ElectionPresidential InaugurationPresidents of the United States Worksheets and Coloring PagesRoute 66 Unit and Printables - Fantastic addition to the movie CarsUncle Sam Coloring PageWomens History Month - Famous Firsts Language Arts Printable Worksheets: Alphabet Coloring BooksHandwriting Practice PagesBlog Writing ProjectDr SeussParts of Speech Math Printable Worksheets: Counting Pennies and NickelsCounting Dimes, Quarters and Half-dollarsAddition and Multiplication TablesTelling Time to the HourTelling Time to the Half HourTelling Time to the Quarter HourTelling Time to 10 minutes, 5 minutes, and 1 minuteTime Passage to the Hour, Half-hour, and Quarter-hour Physical Education Printable Worksheets: Aquatics: Diving, Swimming, Synchronized Swimming, Water PoloArcheryAthleticsBadmintonBaseballBasketballBoxingCanoe/KayakCyclingEquestrianFencingFootballGymnasticsHandballHockeyJudoMarathon Race Coloring PageModern PentathlonRowingSailingShootingSoftballTable TennisTaekwondoTennisTriathlonVolleyballWeightliftingWrestlingWalking LogWinter OlympicsWinter Olympics Coloring PagesYo-yo Unit and Printables Science Printable Worksheets: Science Report FormsBees PrintablesBirds PrintablesCreepy CrawliesDinosaur PrintablesEarthquake PreparednessAlbert EinsteinMagnetsNewtons Laws of MotionSimple MachinesSimple Machines Coloring BookReptiles Reptiles Coloring BookSolar System VolcanoWeather Seasons: SpringSummerFallWinter Sea Animals: Clam Printables; Clams Unit StudyCrab Printables; Crabs Unit StudyDolphin Printables; Dolphin Unit StudyEel Printables; Eel Unit StudyJellyfish Printables; Jellyfish Unit StudyLobster Printables; Lobster Unit StudyManatee Printables; Manatee Unit StudyOctopus Printables; Octopus Unit StudyRay Printables; Rays Unit StudySeahorse Printables; Seahorse Unit StudySea Turtle Printables; Sea Turtle Unit StudyShark PrintablesSytarfish Printables; Starfish Unit StudyWhale Printables; Whales Unit Study Travel and Transportation: Camping PrintablesStudebaker Cars Coloring PageTrains Coloring BookTrains PrintablesTravel Activity BookTravel Bingo Unit Study Printable Worksheets: Fire Prevention PrintablesMaple Syrup PrintablesKids Surveys - Surveys for Kids by KidsLets Play LibraryLets Play RestaurantLets Play StoreMy Kindergarten PortfolioMy Memory Book

What You Dont Know About Writing an Research Paper

What You Don't Know About Writing an Research Paper Top Writing an Research Paper Secrets Exactly like an essay, your research paper wants a hook. Once you receive a task done from us you will return again if you need assistance with another one of your essays. So when you have an essay assigned that you will need help with, you can purchase essay online cheap from us. The type of essay you're looking for will be provided to you within the deadline provided to you. In the home body, it's important to logically organize arguments and evidences concerning the subject of the paper. You should begin with the thesis of the paper, and therefore do not begin using subheadings. Developing an excellent outline is vital in an additional composing of your research paper. By studying various outline samples, you're guaranteed to come up with the ideal research paper outline in almost no time. All About Writing an Research Paper Correct all errors which you can spot and enhance the ge neral grade of the paper to the best of your ability. Nobody will argue that It's quite challenging to compose an academic paper if there's no structure for it. For a paper about a specific theory, giving the overall background on the theory may be an excellent place to commence. For your research paper example to get going, you will need to announce your introduction with few sentences that show what type of research questions you'll be asking. If you're one of them knowing that you've gotten the remedy to fix all you're writing concerning research proposal. Do you truly need the danger of needing to write a completely hundred-page paper over again, simply because you lost track of your arguments and important details, which are errors you might have avoided. There's always APA research help if there's a need to use tools to create thesis statements and outlines. What You Don't Know About Writing an Research Paper The paper should get off to a good beginning regarding cla rifying unfamiliar information as not to depart from your readers puzzled. Getting the most of the format is all up to you but it is going to be beneficial to your writing process. For a short and straightforward paper it might not be essential to incorporate a contents page. At times it can help determine the direction you structure your papers. So, the choice of the topic is very important. An APA format indicates the relationships of the ideas in your writing. You might also state what kind of approach it is you will use in your paper for the full discussion of your topic. Try to remember that the chief goal of the research paper is to demonstrate your abilities to work on your own and demonstrate the reach of your knowledge on several different topics. A critical part of any research paper outline is going to be a literature review. If you've ever done a research before, then you know it is tough to find the best results if you don't use an outline. You also need to c onduct an additional research, if you find there is any deficiency in your research paper. In case the research is based on statistical data, then incorporate the quantities of the test benefits. Writing an Research Paper Features Presenting The Research Paper Research papers must be presented well to make the correct effect. It is not a task for one day. It is a type of essay which is written in your style. An individual should realize that every Research Paper is a sophisticated writing because it must contain distinctive research and distinctive idea. The Writing an Research Paper Pitfall Writing is a present that comes naturally. Typically, the deadline offered to the students to finish the assignments isn't sufficient. Students who must do part-time jobs discover that it's extremely hard to provide time to writing their research paper outline example.

Robert Frost s Poem Home Burial - 1248 Words

1. I feel more sympathy for the husband is Robert Frost’s poem Home Burial. In the poem I get a feeling that the husband and wife do not communicate very well. From reading the poem I get the sense that Amy, the wife, wants her husband to automatically be aware of what she is feeling and why, however that is not fair. It is impossible for anyone to know exactly how one feels without asking. I can tell by this passage, â€Å"My words are nearly always and offense/ I don’t know how to speak of anything/ So as to please you† (Home Burial, 48-50), that the husband really wants to support his wife by understanding her pain, although, the wife seems to get very angry and irritated when the husband even asks and tries to make an effort, â€Å"But I may be taught† (Home Burial, 50) 2. â€Å"Three foggy mornings and on rainy day/ Will rot the best birch fence a man can build† (Home Burial, 95-96). To me, this quote could mean two different things. It could simply be the husbands coping mechanism, which is distracting. He could be saying this to keep his mind off the loss of his child. If this is the case, then this shows that his character is trying to hide his pain. Perhaps he feels the need to be the strong one since his wife cannot be. On the other hand, this quote could also be the husband’s way of understanding the death. He stated that the best birch fence could rot so easily by fog and rain, and in a way that is what life is like as well. Life can be easily taken away by natural causes, andShow MoreRelatedThe Poems Home Burial By Robert Frost And The River Merchant s Wife1097 Words   |  5 PagesThe poems Home Burial by Robert Frost and The River Merchant’s Wife: A Letter by Ezra Pound have related themes. In both poems, the themes that are brought out by these renowned poets have a similar discourse. Home burial is a poem that centers on a wife and her husband who are in agony after losing their first child. The wife is agitated and is on the brink of going out of marriage. She dislikes the apathy in which her husband views the death of their first born. On the other hand, the husband isRead MoreEssay about Analysis of Home Burial by Robert Frost970 Words   |  4 PagesAnalysis of Home Burial by Robert Frost Robert Frost wrote the poem Home Burial after he and his wife suffered the tragic loss of their 4-year-old son. Home Burial shows the emotions people feel after such a loss, and how they face those emotions. Through Frosts experience he shows that men and women grieve in different ways. In Home Burial Frost demonstrates, through the husband, that in the grieving process men tend to show strength. Throughout the poem you see the husband proceedRead MoreRobert Frost s Life Through Poetry1745 Words   |  7 PagesMarch 23, 2016 Robert Frost Reflects Life Through Poetry It is easy to express your emotions, and feelings through poetry. Which is exactly what Robert Frost has done through his entire career. Each poem Robert Frost has written, has meaning behind it all. He has gone through an extreme amount of events, and tragedies in his life. Frost has been through an unimaginable amount of losses, deaths, and loneliness throughout his years. Throughout his life his poetry has had a huge impact on him, the situationsRead MoreAnalysis of Home Burial1496 Words   |  6 PagesRobert Owen Marjory Thrash Eng 1123 V02 13 April 2009 Analysis of â€Å"Home Burial† Many of Robert Frost’s poems and short stories are a reflection of his personal life and events. Frost’s short story â€Å"Home Burial† emulates his experience living on a farm and the death of two of his sons. Frost gives an intimate view into the life and mind of a married couples’ struggle with grief and the strain it causes to their marriage. The characters Frost describes are synonymous, physically and emotionally,Read MoreRobert Frosts Home Burial1304 Words   |  6 PagesIn â€Å"Home Burial,† Robert Frost uses language and imagery to show how differently a man and a women deal with grief. The poem not only describes the grief the two feel for the loss of their child but also the impending death of a marriage. Frost shows this by using a dramatic style set in New England. In his narrative poem, Frost starts a tense conversation between the man and the wife whose first child had died recently. Not only is there dissonance between the couple,but also a major communicationRead MoreMany Factors Can Contribute To The Downfall Of A Relationship.1182 Words   |  5 Pages Many factors can contribute to the downfall of a relationship. In â€Å"Home Burial†, a modernist poem by Robert Frost, the death of s child causes said downfall. In â€Å"Your Love is Killing Me† by Sharon Van Etten, the cause of the decline in the relationship is unknown. Though similar in the way they depict the downfall of relationships, â€Å"Home Burial† and â€Å"Your Love is Killing Me† differ in their attitudes towards said relationships. â€Å"Your Love is Killing Me† by Sharon Van Etten deals with the breakingRead MoreAnalysis Of Robert Frost s Home Burial And The Death Of The Hired Man 2384 Words   |  10 Pages THESIS STATEMENT Robert Frost, an American poet during the Nineteenth Century, Modernist Era, displayed the issues of realism through his life issues of death and spousal relations through his poems: â€Å"Home Burial† and â€Å"The Death of the Hired Man†. INTRODUCTION Robert Frost’s inspiration for his poetry derived from much of his life and the historical events that surrounded him. American literary critic, Harold Bloom wrote in his Bloom’s Major Poets, â€Å"Robert Frost is one of the major American poets†¦inRead MoreImpact of Death on a Relationship Explored in Home Burial  by Robert Frost1600 Words   |  7 PagesRobert Frosts Home Burial is a tragic poem about a young life cut short and the breakdown of a marriage and family. The poem is considered to be greatly inspired and spurred by the Frosts loss of their first child to cholera at age 3 (Romano 2). The complex relationship between husband and wife after their childs death is explored in detail and is displayed truthfully. Among many others, the range of emotions exhibited includes grief, isolation, acceptance, and rejection. The differences inRead More Robert Frost Home Burial - Selfish Misery Essay1662 Words   |  7 PagesThe Selfish Misery of   Home Burial Robert Frosts poem Home Burial is an intriguing portrait of a marital relationship that has gone wrong. Though at first glance it may seem that the cause for the couples trouble is the death of their child, closer reading allows the reader to see that there are other serious, deeper-rooted problems at work. The couples differences in their approach to grieving is only the beginning of their problems. Many of the real problems lie in the wifes self-absorbedRead MoreUse Of Setting And Symbolism Of The Works Of Charlotte Perkins Gilman And Robert Frost1424 Words   |  6 PagesPerkins-Gilman and Robert Frost that we’ve read in class use setting and symbolism to help readers to develop a greater understanding of the nature of relationships develop a greater understanding of the nature of relationships between two people. Gilman, Frost, and Edson use setting to demonstrate the strain that can exist between people in times of conflict. In Gilman s short story The Yellow Wallpaper the relationship between a man and a women displayed distressed. Gilman s use of setting allows

Assignment Solved free essay sample

Explain the characteristic of statistics. ANSWER 1 Various characteristics of statistics as summarized as under : 1. Statistics deals with an aggregate of facts. A single figure cannot be analyzed. 2. Statistics gets affected to a great extent by multiplicity of causes The Statistics of the yield of a crop is the result of several factors, such as the fertility of soil, amount of rainfall, the quality of seed used, the quality and quantity of fertilizer used. 3. Statistics are numerically expressed Only numerical facts can be statistically analyzed. The qualitative data such as, the categorical data cannot be called as statistics, for example, the eye color of a person or the brand name of an automobile. 4. Statistics are enumerated or estimated with required degree of accuracy The facts have to be collected from the field or estimated (computed) with the required degree of accuracy. 5. Statistics are collected in a systematic manner The facts should be collected according to planned and scientific methods otherwise, they are likely to be wrong and misleading. 6. Statistics are collected for a pre-determined purpose There must be a definite purpose for collecting facts. Otherwise, indiscriminate data collection might take place which would lead to wrong diagnosis. 7. Statistics are placed in relation to each other The facts must be placed in such a way that a comparative and analytical study becomes possible. |b. What are the components of Statistics? Give a brief description of each of the components. | The four components of Statistics are collection, presentation, analysis and interpretation of data. 1. Collection of data Careful planning is required while collecting data. Two methods used for collecting data are census method and sampling method. 2. Presentation of data The collected data is usually presented for further analysis in a tabular, diagrammatic or graphic form and it is condensed, summarised and visually represented in a tabular or graphical form. For the representation of data in diagrams, we use different types of diagrams such as one-dimensional, two-dimensional and three dimensional diagrams. Pie-charts are two-dimensional diagrams which are in the form of a circle. 3. Analysis of data The data presented has to be carefully analysed to make any inference from it. 4. Interpretation of data The final step is to draw conclusions from the analysed data. Interpretation requires a high degree of skill and experience. Thus, Statistics contains the tools and techniques required for collection, presentation, analysis and interpretation of data. |Q 2 Explain the objectives of Statistical Average. What are the requisites of a good average. | |The basic purpose of the statistical analysis is to determine the value which represents the whole series. This value is termed as central | |value or an average. In other words, average is a statistical measure representing a group of individual values in simple and comprehensive | |manner. | |The following are the main objectives of an average: | |1. Facilitates Comparison: | |The foremost purpose of average is that it facilitates comparison | |2. Formulation of Policies: | |Averages are of great use in the formulation of various policy measures. |3. Short Description: | |Averages help to present the raw data in a brief a systematic manner. | |4. Representation of Universe: | |Average represents universe. According conclusions can be drawn in respect of the universe as a whole. | Requisites of a Good Average Since an average is a single value representing a group of values, it is desired that such a value satisfies the following properties: (i)  Ã‚  Ã‚   It should be easy to understand. Since statistical methods are designed to simplify complexity. It is desirable that an average is such that can be readily understood; otherwise, its use is bound to be very limited. (ii)  Ã‚  Ã‚   It should be simple to compute. Not only an average should be easy to understand but also it should be simple to compute so that it can be used widely. (iii)  Ã‚  Ã‚   It should be based on all the items. The average should depend upon each and every item of the series so that if any of the items is dropped the average itself is altered. (iv)  Ã‚  Ã‚   It should not be unduly affected by extreme observations. Although each and every item should influence the value of the average, none of the items should influence it unduly. Extremes may distort the average and reduce its usefulness. (v)  Ã‚  Ã‚   It should be rigidly defined. An average should be properly defined so that it has one and only one interpretations. It should preferably be defined by an algebraic formula so that if different people compute that average from the same figures they all get the same answer. (vi)  Ã‚  Ã‚   It should be capable of further algebraic treatment. We should prefer to have an average that could be used for further statistical computations so that its utility is enhanced. vii)  Ã‚  Ã‚   It should have sampling stability. Last, but not the least, we should prefer to get a value which has what the statisticians call ‘sampling stability’ This means that if we pick 10 different groups of college students, and compute the average of each group, we should expect to get approximately the same value. |Q 3 a. Mention the Characteristics of Chi-square test. | ANSWER 3 a. Any statistical test that uses the Chi-square distribution can be called chi square test. It is applicable both for large and small samples-depending on the context. The Chi-square test is also defined as the test we use to measure the differences between what is observed and what is expected according to an assumed hypothesis is called the chi-square test. Chi-square test is used as a test of goodness of fit and also as a test of independence. The X2 test is based on frequencies and not on parameters. It is a no-parametric test where no parameters regarding the rigidity of population of populations are required. Additive property is also found in X2 test. The X2 test is useful to test the hypothesis about the independence of attributes.

Women in Hamlet Essay Example For Students

Women in Hamlet Essay In William Shakespeares Hamlet, women play an important role. They are the ones whom the men use to play out their nefarious plots. They are quite easily manipulated and have almost no say in anything. It seems as though Shakespeare thought of them as tools, as most men did at the time. Ophelia is the first woman in the play who seems to be being manipulated. Her father, Polonius, uses her to spy on Hamlet. He sets her up in a hall, where she is to meet Hamlet Polonius and King Claudius spy on them. She goes along with this, even though Hamlet is the man she loves. We will write a custom essay on Women in Hamlet specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Her father is so easily able to convince her that Hamlet does not actually love her, that it is no wonder young women of the time would nearly always marry the man their father chose out for them. Gertrude is not immune to this mistreatment. She has no trouble believing that there was no foul play involved in the death of her husband. Claudius is so convincing, he even gets her to marry him. The fact that their marriage happens a mere few weeks after Hamlet Sr. s death goes to show how quickly women of the time turned their back on things that no longer interested them. If her dead husband could not provide her with some divertissement, she wanted nothing to do with him; she certainly didnt want to waste her time grieving. She felt that Claudius would be someone fun and could give her what she wanted, so without thinking about those around her, especially Hamlet, she went ahead and married him. She also betrays Hamlet by telling the king of his visit to her room. She tells him of how he killed Polonius and made her swear not to tell him. The fact that she could betray her own son for her husband, who is not even his father, is proof that the man controlled women they were married to. In conclusion, it is evident that women were not strong-willed individuals in William Shakespeares time. They did what was asked of them without much of a fight. This certainly did not help with their oppression. It was not until women started standing up for their rights that they were heard and taken seriously. It is a shame that it took so long for them to do it. There may have been many intelligent women who may have helped invent or create things that would have greatly helped civilization, unfortunately mankind missed out on that opportunity.

A Dolls House1 essays

A Dolls House1 essays In A Dolls House, the main character Nora, is potraide across to the reader through her verbal and physical actions. She is also described through other characters views and discussions about her. She is represented as a manipulative, selfish and spoilt woman that in the end works it out for herself and leaves. Nora has some certain smartness about her to get what she wants, her ability to manipulate her husband without it looking obvious. Shown on (P.167), Nora is influencing her husband without him knowing it, she is able to get him to think his the reason for why Mrs. Linde came to visit to please me? quote HELMER, and that he is an able man. She made it up on the spot. Her selfishness, Oh how thoughtless of me! Here I am.... Quote NORA but then she goes on talking again. Nora is a woman that likes money and with such reference to the word several times on every second page in Act One, it shows the great deal of importance to which their lives are based around. But it costs a terrible lot of money..., ...its very lucky to have money(P.156). For one, this book is based around Noras secret of the loan she got from the bank and how she forged the signatures. Nora can be described as the doll in the house, a child almost, throughout the play this is shown, like when she was asking about her childrens adventures outside. [At last, NORA hides under the table. The CHILDREN come running in to look for her](P.169). She takes their cotes off and likes to do all the fun things, as a child would do. Like playing with a doll. She lives in a house, described on the first page of the play (P.147), that sounds exactly like a beautiful setting of a room in dolls house, suggesting that Nora lives in one and therefore is a Doll. A dolls house doesnt exist without the interaction between the young child playing with one doll and playin ...